Contrasting Places in a Mid Summer Nights Dream Essay

TOPIC: Many plays and novels use contrasting places (for example, two countries, two cities or towns, two houses, or the land and the sea) to represent opposed forces or ideas that are central to the meaning of the work. Choose a novel or play that contrasts two such places. Write an essay explaining how the places differ, what each place represents, and how their contrast contributes to the meaning of the work. Structure Vs. Chaos A Midsummer Night’s Dream Contrasting places have been used in many works of literature throughout history to strengthen the meaning of stories. The use of two different settings within one story often represents opposed forces or ideas, and allows readers to get a better grasp of the meaning behind the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"As she is mine I may dispose of her; Which shall be either to this gentleman Or to her death, according to our law Immediately provided in that case.† (I.i.38) In the city of Athens the strict laws forbid Hermia and Lysander from happily marrying each other. For this, they conclude that the only way that they can be truly happy together is if they run away with each other to the rule free forest. Lysander and Hermia believe that the forest will offer them an escape from their dictated lives in the city. There, gentle Hermia, may I marry thee; And to that place the sharp Athenian law Cannot pursue us. If thou lovest me then, Steal forth thy fathers house to-morrow night; And in the wood, a league without the town, (I.i.156) For the two lovers, the forest stands in magical contrast to the harsh Athenian laws. Hermia and Lysander’s escape to the forest represents the desire that mankind has to be one with nature in hopes that they will be able to live a life free of rules and structure. The forest is nearly the complete opposite of the structured, law abiding city. The forest is a place where man goes to escape from the troubles of the city. As opposed to the city where everything relies on structure and justice, the forest is dictated only by emotions and instinct. When the Athenian couples are in the forest, they aren’t bound by courtly rules, and are able to pursue their feelings as they desire. From the veryShow MoreRelatedFrost At Midnight By Samuel Taylor Coleridge953 Words   |  4 PagesStudent Name: Nduka Eluemelem ID: 200359936 Semester: Fall 2017 October 17, 2017. Frost At Midnight In this poem â€Å"Frost at Midnight†, Samuel Taylor Coleridge; the speaker is in a lonely place around his home at midnight contemplating on his experiences back at school in London. This just portrayed the message of the early romanticism. The objects around him used metaphor for the work of the mind. The picture of fire pushed him into theRead MoreThe Wise Fools of Shakespeare1868 Words   |  8 Pagescertain nonsensical clowns appearing just to create ludicrous entertainment. In ‘Love’s Labour Lost’ we find three such characters Costard, Dull and Adrian de Armado who are of very little importance to the plot but as we move on to the ‘Mid Summer Night’s Dream’, Bottom the daft artisan though intended to project humour for his supreme vanity, we see this same attribute of his being exploited by Oberon the king of the fairies to teach his queen a lesson. In this way we notice in Shakespeare’s comicRead MoreThomas Har dy Poems16083 Words   |  65 Pagesquestioning in lines 10-12, to enhance the flavour of this poem, as it also gives off a dramatic irony as the writer proves his point that god does not exist so he in turn has to answer the questions that he asked. Lines 3-4, is an oxymoron as two contrasting terms are used â€Å"sorrow† and â€Å"ecstasy†, â€Å"love s loss and â€Å"hate s profiting, to express and explain one emotion. Line 11, there is an alliteration of  ´C ´, â€Å"crass casualty† that creates a sharp angry yet satisfying tone. Personification is theRead MoreThe Way Wordsworth and Heaney Present Nature and Rural Life in Their Poetry4285 Words   |  18 Pagesagain uses pathetic fallacy to give the daffodils the feeling of, glee as they outshine even the sparkling waves. In the following line, Wordsworth makes clear to his reader that his mood has been uplifted by the daffodils, contrasting with the beginning of the poem, by writing, A poet could not but be gay, in such a jocund company. He has made the transition from being in a despondent, lonely state of mind to feeling cheerful and light hearted. In Line 18, butRead MoreRichard Allen s Influence On African Americans8445 Words   |  34 Pagesto hear what this man have to say. Although eventually being thrown out of St. George?s Church, this did not discourage Rev. Allen but encouraged him to move forward with his ministry. Allen being the thinker he was decided to find and secure a new place of worship. By all means, he was going to teach the gospel message. During this time being tossed from building to building his strong faith helped him to hold on, he rented out a storeroom to ensure that the congregants he had would follow him toRead MoreInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 Pagesthousands from nations spanning the globe, America has become a mosaic of people, culture, and hope. It is one of the most developed countries. It houses a lot of cultures, traditions, and ways of life. A lot of people think that it is the land of dream so they strive to live there. Many scholars, journalists and writers from all over the world tried to investigate the phenomena of this â€Å"unique† country. Among them are Zoltan Kovecses (a Hungarian Professor of Linguistics in the Department ofRead MoreUrban Sprawl: Abu Dhabi Context7376 Words   |  30 Pagesinfrastructure within the city, in spite of profits flowing in due to export of oil from 1959 onwards. In fact the then ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Sakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan â€Å"imposed a ban on any new construction in Abu Dhabi, a ban which remained in place until his younger brother Zayed succeeded five years later† 8 . This was a major setback to improvements in the city‟s urban quality of life. There was however, one sector of population that was flooding the city of Abu Dhabi in huge throngsRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesconventionally used device of interrupting the flow of a chronologically ordered plot is the flashback, a summary or fully dramatized episode framed by the author in such a way as to make it clear that the events being discussed or dramatized took place at some earlier period of time. Flashbacks are often crucial to our understanding of the story, for they introduce us to information that would otherwise be unavailable and thus increase our knowledge and understanding of present events. 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Subjects which belong together are separated (e.g., the geographical sections on pp.171 ff. and 394 ff.), long, discursive definitions, appearing in unexpected places, further break the sequence (e.g., pp.78 and 343)-. and there is a great deal more to make the reader’s task more difficult. This manner of writing may well be intentional, whether to make the magical sections appear less suspect by interlarding them

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders - 1262 Words

In today’s society anxiety plays a huge role in our daily lives. Imagine being in front of a crowd of people feeling nervous, anxious, and even avoiding eye contact? Many people experience these symptoms of anxiety. There are many different types of anxiety disorders. Catching early signs of complications can lead to better treatment and acknowledgment. Gaining knowledge about anxiety and some of the different types of Anxiety Disorders, like Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder can be beneficial to understanding the signs and symptoms a love one can have. It is important to know signs and symptoms because it is not worth risking a loved one’s life. Anxiety becomes so frequent and forceful, that it begins to take over people s lives. However, there are many different forms of anxiety such as panic attacks, phobia and social anxiety. Symptoms of having a panic attack may include sweating, nervousness, heart racing and attacks of fear. A panic attack usually lasts about ten minutes. Within those ten minutes a person can experience difficulty of breathing, chest pain, dizziness, nausea, tingling and numbness in fingers and toes. Furthermore they may have fears of losing control and about to die. â€Å"Studies of patients with panic disorder reveal that 18% of first-degree relatives (i.e. parents, offspring, siblings) have the same disorder† (Malcolm Thomas, 2006).What causes panic disorder may be passed down from parents, abnormalities in the brain,Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders1295 Words   |  6 PagesAnxiety Disorder Many people experience anxiety and nervousness from time to time, typically about a near event, something with an uncertain outcome, problem at work, or making an important decision. It is a normal human emotion and a normal part of life, however, anxiety disorders are not and they are very different. 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Structures and Maximizing Profits Free Essays

Market structures play an important role in the economy today. The strategic and profit maximizing concepts are determined by the type of market structure. â€Å"Market structure is best defined as the organizational and other characteristics of a market. We will write a custom essay sample on Structures and Maximizing Profits or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Riley, 2006) Competitive markets, monopolies, and oligopolies three of the four market structures in the economy. A competitive market or perfect competitive market is a market that has many buyers and sellers that do not influence prices. An example of a competitive market would be the street vendors selling bottled water along the sidewalk of a tourist attracted city. There are likely to be many vendors and buyers alike. Most notably the influence of each vendors input on price is low. The opposite of a competitive market is a monopoly. Monopolies affect the economy with considerable control over supply and price. The definition of monopoly is when the single seller of a product controls its market and does not allow competition. Local telephone, cable, and water, which are a natural monopoly, are examples of monopolies. Each of the companies has complete control for the distribution of their products or services in regards to supply and prices. Oligopolies are types of imperfect competition in the market structure. An oligopoly is where only a few sellers offer similar or identical products. Consider watching a basketball game at any level of competition. The athletic wear, footwear, and accessories worn by players are more than likely Nike, Addidas, or Reebok. These companies sell products that are similar and are for the same purpose, yet they are not identical. This type of market structure is also known as monopolistic competition. Oligopolies have considerable control over some of the prices of the products they sell. The characteristic of each market structure are important to understand the role of each structure. The determination of price in terms of maximizing profits is best understood by following the rules of production in a given market. Profit maximizing for a company or firm is utilized by using the company’s profit maximizing output level. This is when the marginal cost is the same as the product price. When a company offers products in new locations the marginal cost of the products of the new locations is a part of the marginal cost. That would be an example of a company opting to profit maximizes their production ased on change of total cost to accomplish more profit. Another consideration of a profit maximizing rule is when marginal cost equals price. A company attempting to profit will manage this rule closely to determine profitability. The average total cost of a good is the deciding factor in profit maximizing where marginal cost equals price and marginal cost increases. Monopolist market companies maximize profits by following the rule marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue that results from a change in output. Companies that are the single producer of a product will want to maximize their total revenue. Costs of production are low therefore marginal revenue will equal cost. Competitive markets, monopolies, and oligopolies have profit maximizing rules that compare price to marginal revenue, marginal cost, and average total cost to determine profit gain. Each market consists of barriers of entry. One of the reasons for entry is the encouragement of successful gain of profits from other companies. Consider the local and national fast food hamburger restaurants. McDonalds began as one of the first restaurants of its type followed by chains such as Wendy’s and Burger King. That is an example of monopolist competition at its best. A discouragement or barrier for entry into certain market structures is through law and regulations. Creating anti-trust laws are detrimental to the formation of monopolies and their continued growth. There are three examples of business practices that present a dilemma for business entry. Resale price maintenance is the setting of a product price is contracted by the wholesaler for the retailer to sell at that given price. If the price is set from the wholesaler competition is suspended because of the price being uncontrolled by the retailer. The next business practice involves market power. A company that possesses market power has control of setting and changing prices without losing customers or altering the entire market. These companies are also referred to as price setters. â€Å"Firms with market power normally use that power to raise prices above the competition level. † (Mankiw) Predatory pricing is a debatable topic in terms of entry into a market and regulated policies. The third type of a business entry barrier is tying. Tying forces smaller businesses to strategize products based on the market power and price discrimination practices of manufacturers. There are four other barrier entry provisions for various markets. First, there is the denial of entry into a market or the lack of possible competition. Next, a company may own a key resource that provides exclusive rights to that market. Another point is when the government allows a single seller the right to produce or provide certain goods. Finally, the cost of production equals a single producer being more efficient versus the cost of production via a large number of producers. The characteristics, price determinations, and barriers of entry into competitive markets play essential roles in the economy. The characteristic of each market provides buyers and sellers to understand and make business decisions for the success of the economy. The economy as a whole benefits from how market structures abide by the rules and regulations of profit maximizing. References Mankiw, N. G. (2007). Principles of economics (4th Ed. ) Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Riley, Geoff. September. 2006. A2 markets Market systems. Market structures. Retrieved on January 22nd, 2012 from http://tutor2u. net/economics How to cite Structures and Maximizing Profits, Essay examples

Customer Satisfaction and The Measures Associated With Customer Satisf

Question: Your task is to define customer satisfaction and the measures (metrics) associated with customer satisfaction. Discuss the benefits of these measures to organisations. You are required relate your assignment to a personal experience; apply and discuss the marketing metrics on customer satisfaction to this experience. Give this experience a context by choosing a company (Australian or overseas) and suggest how the marketing manager might use the defined measures (metrics) to improve customer satisfaction in their organisation. Answer: Introduction Brito (2011) says that the assignment speaks of the Australian marketing institute (AMI) is one of the member companies that makes the use of these metrics. The very term metrics means that the measuring system making of the quantifies with dynamics and the trend characteristics that all the practitioners will make the use of the metrics to make the fair explanation of the phenomena and the share findings o the diagnose cause and such like. Throughout the world of the science and the business, the metrics have acquired the objectivity and with these the comparison of the observations as the time periods across that region is made possible. The marketing strategy is dealing with the metric and thee the every known metrics gives the evaluation of the strategy and with the help of all kinds and forms of the sources and the knowledge is made applied. In this regard it is said that when the marketing strategies are seen and the way it makes the performance of it, it is applied with the so urce and the way it does it activities with the help of the metrics that is all about the measurement of the characteristic and the trend that is made enforceable in the market and the marketing world. The marketing world requires the acceptance of the marketing strategies and the metric, the metrics is no doubt applied but not in all the sectors where it is to be made applied. The metrics are the determination of the practitioners who makes the use with the help of the determination, and thus they make it by making the comparisons of the observations. Marketing metrics is the statistical measurements where the companies will make the judgment regarding the effectiveness that deals with the individual marketing efforts and the sale-purchase tendency. The metrics make the dependence on the size and the type of the campaign with the desired goals that the company has kept for the long time. When the financial informations are to occur then these very metrics will make the focus on the return of investment with the costs to the amount that they generally make the return. Metrics also focuses on the well campaign and how that companies awareness and its brand with the new customers are attracted and also sees how many there are the old customers that are in the retained position. The companies as is understood in the financial and the benefit terms makes the large amount of the spending on the budgets for the marketing efforts that they see the way through which the marketing agencies, that deals with the company will be the effective. When the people are aware of the product and the services then they will make the understanding of remarketing scene with the help of the metrics. To make the campaign lots of the money, and the time is made spend and to make it publicize the companys fortunes deals and tackle with the things in the precious manner. The companies are to create the standards, and there are many ways by which the task is accomplish. As far as the marketing organizations are considered they do not adopt the metrics universally and thus they make it better for the use of the standards and the norms that is present. The assignment deals with the customer satisfaction and the measures that are associate with the customer satisfaction. The assignment also makes the explanation of how the marketing manager might use the defined measures (metrics) to improve customer satisfaction in their organization. At last, the assignment give the conclude part. Definition of customer satisfaction Barron (2011) says that the customer satisfaction means that it is the process by which the measurement of the products are applied by the company so that the company making the customer satisfaction will surpass to the customer satisfaction. When the numbers of the customers and the total percentage of the customers who are reported to have the experience with the firm have the products and the services exceeds the specific satisfaction goals is said to be the customer satisfaction. When the survey of nearly the 200 senior marketing managers was made, then 71 percent found and responded that a customer satisfaction deals with the monitoring of the business. The customer satisfaction is directly or indirectly connected to the metrics in the way that rule for implementing the satisfaction is that the customer satisfaction is measured for the every function and the every service that the organization gives to it. There is always the interconnection and the links with the services and t he products that are offer within the organization. When for example, the typical information technology provides the varieties of the services and the products, then the number of the services like the help desk are implemented. The strategies are made determined in the way that it will give the challenge to make the development of the survey questionnaires to make the measurement of the customer satisfaction and thus will it be providing to the products. It deals with the quality services with the different theories that are apply and the specific factor like the measuring of the customer satisfaction is made as developed by the Valarie A., Parasuraman and Leonard l. berry. Personal experiences of the customer satisfaction with the desired metrics is that the experience related to the customer satisfaction is that the customer feedback from it is gold and the it comes up with the internal processes that is how to track the complaints and make the fixing of it. One can all in the power of the really easy for the customers to make the feedback and one can tell about the problems. But the value that is being added is the worth to it. Another experience that is shared is that of the decide the metrics in what way are critical to the measuring of the customer satisfaction and one cant just go and proves that the services are offered with the great services data and one will never be made the hesitation with the customers for the feedback ad it will thus measures the success in the way it is desired. Dimensions of customer satisfaction (according to the definition) Azhar (2011) says that the method that is known as the RATER model as there is made the prescribing model that has the dimensions like the reliability, assurances, empathy and the tangibles. The reliability is that factor that makes the effect with the companys ability to make the performance with the services that is accurately. The assurance is that of the knowledge and the competence with the courtesy of the employees and the ability to make the convey of the trust and the confidence in the customer. There is when assign the importance to the weight of the dimension survey then thus is the important weight with the customer that makes the help to identify the organization with the areas of the improvement. These dimensions of the customer satisfaction make the definition of it clear. The questions that are present is not that of the assigned weights but of the each survey that is differed. It is not always possible to make the aggregation of the score of the dimension level. In it , it will make the assignor the function level. Example: for instance when one is going to the own coffee shop and one wants to give the customers that excellent services to maximize the satisfaction and the reason is that they will thus become the loyal customers. There may be the plans that are made to maximize customer satisfaction. In this way, the personal experience is shared of the customer satisfaction and the planning is the measurement of the satisfaction that is utmost for the owner as mentioned in this case. The measures (metrics) associated with customer satisfaction The measures are included and explained in the following way: Alderson (2009) says that the customer satisfaction vs. perception that deals with the question whether the service live with the yours expectation (customers) or not. This metrics is straight as the respondents will be asked to it in the way of it to make the agree and the disagree with the statement of the five point scale. Other is the likelihood to recommend to the friends. This metrics gives a representation of what and how way the customers are happy. Thirdly it deals with the customer experience and the ideal experience. The metrics applied is that what is the customer experience when the customer has properly utilized all these things and the products and the services that have been offered to the customer is that of the advantageous mode or not. The metrics of the overall satisfaction is that of the satisfaction with the services that is being given ad this can be of the open-ended query that will make the reflection of the mentions of the quality and the fulfillment of the customers. The metrics of the affective and the cognitive satisfaction is that of the liking or the disliking of something that is not given in the desired way and the question raised is that of how important the SLA (service level agreement). Benefits of these measures to organizations Albrecht (2006) says that the most important measure to the organization is that of the metrics target that is to reduce the complaints. It is most important to keep it simple and thus they can make the influence and what is expected from it can be explained. The benefits are as follows: The metrics that is in the excellent position will drive the strategy and the direction of the organization that means that there is the direction that is given so that the organization can make the run on it. Albrecht (2006) says that there is also provided the focus for the organization, department and all those employees that have the requirement of the organization Smith (2010) says that it will make the help in the making of the decisions. The good metrics will always make the best of the supplies and the products will make the delivery when the outcome of the decision making is fine. There is also the drive performance with the evolve of the organization and in the way it can be made evolve and thus will be carried with the change driving factors. There is also produced the good and the bad internal and the external relations that is connected to the public for the customer satisfaction and these all measures will help them. Conclusion Jennifer (2010) says that the customer satisfaction is the satisfaction that the customers retain after making the products and the services consumed. When the satisfaction term is directly liked with the customers then it means that the customer satisfaction is with the dealing of the compliances that the customers have for those who have the best dealings with the customers. The customers satisfaction is directly linked with the metrics that is procedure of the measuring of the characteristics and the trends that are prevailing in the market. The metrics are always helpful in making the decisions and the performance of the marketing organizations and the agencies will thoroughly depend on it. There are various measures for the organizations that relate the marketing organization with the metrics. The metrics is that of the measurement of the customer satisfaction. This satisfaction deals with the knowledge and the measurement. The customer satisfaction depends on the reliability an d the like factors that are in the processing way. The customer satisfaction is the matter how the customer will retain the satisfaction when the products or the service that is being seen is not satisfactorily. The dimensions clearly explain the marketing organizations and the customer satisfaction. The customer satisfaction is all the makes the dealing with the satisfactorily performance not only of the company but also of the customers that are all in the mode to present it. The dimensions also make the clear definition of the satisfaction and how the metrics are accepted by the organizations. There are various sources that do not universally accept it. Thus it can be said that the customer satisfaction relates to the metrics. References aker, Jennifer, and Andy Smith. 2010.The Dragonfly Effect.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Albrecht, Karl.Social Intelligence.2006San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Alderson, Wroe.2009.Marketing Behavior Executive Action.Mansfield Centre: Martino Publishing. Azhar, Azeem. 2011The New Marketing Model: Peer Index Marketing.Gigaom13 Web. Bakshy, Eytan, Winter A. Mason, Jake M. Hofman, and Duncan J. Watts.2011Everyones an Influencer: Quantifying Influence on Twitter.4thInternational Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. Barron, Jennifer, and Jim Hollingshead. 2011.Making Segmentation Work.Marketing Management. Berns, Gregory S., Jonathan Chappelow, Caroline F. Zink, Giuseppe Pagnoni, Megan E. Martin-Skurski, and Jim Richards.2005Neurobiological Correlates of Social Conformity and Independence During Mental Rotation. Blanchard, Olivier. 2011.Social Media ROI.Indianapolis: Pearson Education. Boyd, Danah.Social Steganography: Learning to Hide in Plain Sight. 2010. Boyd, Drew.A Structured, Facilitated Team Approach to Innovation.2007Organization Development Journal. Brito, Michael.Smart Business, Social Business.2011 Indianapolis: Pearson Education,2012. Coram, Robert.Boyd.New York: Little, Brown and Company.

The Benefits of Multimodal Treatment for ADHD free essay sample

A look at the form of treatment for ADHD known as multimodal treatment and how it can respond to the limitations of psychostimulants, the most common form of treatment for ADHD. This paper delves into the form of treatment for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) known as Multimodal Treatment and the research being done for Attention Behavior Deficit Disorder. The paper explains that multimodal treatment combines pharmacological treatment with physical accommodations and behavioral therapy to help individuals with ADHD perform at a higher level than treatment with medication alone. Imagine over 2 million children in the United States affected with a psychological disorder which is chronic and significantly disabling. Children who suffer from this disorder are frequently highly emotional, may be aggressive, tend to be underachievers and may feel highly agitated and frustrated most of the time. These children are often lonely and isolated from peers as a result of the unpredictable and erratic behavior that characterize this disorder. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of Multimodal Treatment for ADHD or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In their teens and early adulthood suffers of this disorder are more likely than peers to drop out of school, use illicit drugs (Garber, Garber, Spizman, 1996), change jobs frequently and often experience depression (Solden, 1995). This is the landscape for the estimated 3 to 5% of United States children diagnosed as having Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)(Garber et al., 1996). The most common treatment for this disorder consists of medication to alleviate symptoms. However, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000), multimodal treatments that consist of a combination of behavioral therapy and medication provide better outcomes for children with complex problems like ADHD. Specifically, The National Institute of Mental Health conducted the NIMH Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (called the MTA Study)(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1999). The MTA Study documented 579 children over a period of 14 months. The children wer e divided into four groups; a control group, a group which received medication, a group which recived behavioral therapy, and a group which received multimodal treatment. This study demonstrated that after 14 months of treatment, children who received combined treatments performed better in six outcome areas social skills, parent child relations, internalizing symptoms, reading achievement, oppositional and/or aggressive symptoms and parent and/or consumer satisfaction- whereas children receiving only medication improved in only one to two of these areas and children in the control group and in the behavioral therapy groups showed clinically significant improvement in any of these areas (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999).

Thulium Facts

Thulium Facts Thulium is one of the rarest of the rare earth metals. This silver-gray metals share many common properties with other lanthanides but also displays some unique characteristics. Here is a look at some interesting thulium facts: Although the rare earth elements arent all that rare, they are so-named because they are difficult to extract from their ores and purify. Thulium actually is the least abundant of the rare earths.Thulium metal is soft enough that it can be cut with a knife. Like other rare earths, it is malleable and ductile.Thulium has a silvery appearance. It is fairly stable in air. It reacts slowly in water and more quickly in acids.Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve discovered thulium in 1879 from an analysis of the mineral erbia, a source of several rare earth elements.Thulium is named for the early name for Scandinavia- Thule.The principal source of thulium is the mineral monazite, which contains thulium at a concentration of  about 20 parts per million.Thulium is not toxic, although it has no known biological function.Natural thulium consists of one stable isotope, Tm-169. 32 radioactive isotopes of thulium have been produced, with atomic masses ranging from 146 to 177.The most common oxidati on state of thulium is Tm3. This trivalent ion most commonly forms green compounds. When excited, Tm3 emits a strong blue fluorescence. One interesting fact is that this fluorescence, along with red from europium Eu3  and green from terbium Tb3, is used as security markers in Euro banknotes. The fluorescence appears when the notes are held under black or ultraviolet light. Because of its rarity and expense, there are not many uses for thulium and its compounds. However, it is used to dope YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) lasers, in ceramic magnetic materials, and as a radiation source (after bombardment in a reactor) for portable x-ray equipment. Thulium Chemical and Physical Properties Element Name: Thulium Atomic Number: 69 Symbol: Tm Atomic Weight: 168.93421 Discovery: Per Theodor Cleve 1879 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f13 6s2 Element Classification: Rare Earth (Lanthanide) Word Origin: Thule, the ancient name of Scandinavia. Density (g/cc): 9.321 Melting Point (K): 1818 Boiling Point (K): 2220 Appearance: soft, malleable, ductile, silvery metal Atomic Radius (pm): 177 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.1 Covalent Radius (pm): 156 Ionic Radius: 87 (3e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.160 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 232 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.25 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 589 Oxidation States: 3, 2 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.540 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.570 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

Discuss the role that governments have played in the development of Essay

Discuss the role that governments have played in the development of the Australian system of employment relations since 1980 - Essay Example Therefore, a sound employment relations system should create a favourable environment that is ideal for achieving maximum economic efficiency, motivation, productivity, employee development, and enhancing employee loyalty (Lewis, et al., 2003, p. 7). There are three main parties that make up the employment relations systems: employers, employees and the government. Employers have certain rights that are provided by their state labour laws. The main employer right is the ability to hire and fire employees. They also have a right to relocate, close or enter into collaboration with their company of choice. Moreover, employers have the right to introduce new technologies within the work place. Rights exercised by the employer may to some extent affect the employees adversely (Gardner, 1997, p. 6). Employees always aim at getting the best terms and conditions of employment from their employers. This process involves sharing their opinions with the management and also airing their grievanc es. Employees also use trade unions to fight for the right to take part in decision making at their workplace. Workers unions serve the purpose of presenting concerns of workers to the management, and they are as a result of workers uniting together against their employers (Gardner, 1997, p. 7). State and central government are particularly crucial in influencing and regulating employment relations through rules, laws, memorandums, and issuance of awards. Government includes tribunal courts, third parties and labour institution within the government (Gardner, 1997, p. 9). The three main parties in the employment system have their own representative bodies, which work on behalf of the entire party. Employers are represented by employers associations, employees by trade unions while the government is represented by the courts and tribunals such as Fair Work Australia (Forsyth and Stewart 2009, p. 4). The scope of employment relations is extremely wide, and there are five main issues c overed under the employment relations scope. These issues include collective bargaining, mechanisms for settling employment disputes, standing orders, involvement of workers in decision making process, and unfair labour practices (Rose, 2008, p. 11). Employers should be in the forefront in ensuring that there is a strong and healthy relationship between them and their employees. These excellent relationships can only be achieved through employment relations programs that are vital in the development of a motivated, competent, and loyal team of employees. This team can only be achieved through a well structured employment relations program that focuses on employee training, employee surveys, employee reward and recognition, and employee appraisal. Moreover, the program should focus on proper conflict resolution mechanism and hiring of most suitable workers (Lewis, et al., 2003, p. 27). Employment relations systems from various countries around the world operate in different styles, b ut the main aim is to maintain a healthy relationship between all the parties involved. Governments have contributed immensely in the creation of ideal working environments for the citizens. The Australian government is one such